In sharp contrast to generosity that followed the Asian tsunami, was responsible for Pakistan’s earthquake. After the disaster the UN had managed to raise the $110 million. By November, many international donors had raises full amount requested by Pakistan.

The disaster hit hard on human lives and significantly raises the death toll from hunger, disease and exposure. Many rural villages were too far from aid workers relief. Thousands of poor and vulnerable became homeless. Major damage by the earthquake included the destruction of entire cities, plants on farmland. It affected badly to development of all these areas.

Sosoliso airlines flight 1145 was a scheduled flight for Nigerian cites. On 10th December 2005, it crash-landed on the runway of Port Harcourt International Airport. This crash killed 110 passengers. The cause of crash was unconfirmed but it was believed that thunderstorm was the major reason behind this crash. A ground man who witnessed this accident stated that plane was struck by lightning about 40 or 50 meters before touchdown.

Another flight that crashed was Chanchangi airlines flight. On 15th July 2005, a Boeing 737-200 of Chanchangi airlines had over shot the runway of Harourt airport. It didn’t report any serious loss. As per the airport authority, this crash was overshot because of the rain had made the runway slippery.

This all shows the poor safety in Nigerian aviation. As per analyst report, corruption is the major cause for this type of incidents.

As per the leaked document by a top British government official, Britain’s engagements in Iraq were the major cause behind these attacks. These engagements created the Islamic extremism and the perception between Muslims. But Blair denied it and he said that bombings were the result of an “evil ideology” that had taken root before the Iraq war.

A week later, on July 21, another attack attempted on the transit system, but the bomb failed to explode. The next day, London police killed a Brazilian electrician on a subway train. It was revealed later that the 27-year-old had exhibited none of the suspicious behavior, which was attributed by the police.

In her career, she first served as Minister of Finance under President William Tolber. Then she left Liberia and worked as senior positions at various financial institutions. After serving there, she stood in the 1997 presidential election but was placed in a second position. Afterwards she served as head of the Governance Reform Commission in 2003 to set up the deal to end Liberia’s civil war. Finally in 2005 Presidential Elections, she was elected as President.

Her supporters also call her as “The Iron Lady”. During her election campaign she said she wanted to become president in order “to bring motherly sensitivity and emotion to the presidency” as a way of healing the wounds of war.

The 60-year-old former rebel acted as Vice President for less than a month. He was sworn in as vice president just three weeks ago. During his political carrier he performed following action:

• He provided helpful hand in southern Sudan development
• He raised voice against autonomy and power-sharing issues.
• He made power-sharing agreement and a new constitution deal which helped to create a new chapter in Sudan peace

His Sudden death is considered as a major cause to end two-decades-long civil war.

The major objective of this mission was to find the answer for the following fundamental questions of a comet:

• Composition of the comet’s nucleus
• What depth the crater would reach from the impact
• Where the comet originated in its formation

To determine the answers for these questions, a robotic spacecraft left the gravity well of Earth and impacted a comet. This spacecraft was 3.2 meters (10.5 ft) long, 1.7 meters (5.6 ft) wide and 2.3 meters (7.5 ft) high. It consists two solar panels, a debris shield, and several science instruments for taking accurate pictures.

Deep impact has completed four crucial phases:

• Launch and commissioning phase
• Cruise phase,
• Approach phase
• Impact phase.

Finally, on 4^th July the impact process occurred successfully. After successful completion of the Deep Impact’s mission, all the queries and suspense, which was earlier uncertain of a comet, were resolved.

As per the survey of National Consultative Commission of Human Rights, racism’s incidence reached to its highest level in France. As compared to last year, nearly attacks soared 90 per cent in France. It started in the year 2000. 833 racist attacks were registered in 2003, where as in 2004 it increases to 1,565 attacks.

Official research report of National Consultative Commission of Human Rights stated that Jews and Muslims were the major victims of racist attacks. The number of attacks on Muslims was 232 in 2003 where as it increases to 532 in the year of 2004. Far-right supporters undertook majority of violent attacks. These all attacks on non-native persons created a serious problem in French social life.

The 2005 World Summit was held between 14^th to 16^th September 2005 in New-York city and it was a largest gathering of world leaders in a history. This summit represented by 192 states members including numerous heads of state and heads of government. The summit was a follow-up to the United Nations 2000 Millennium Summit meeting.

The major objective of this summit was to discuss the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which include extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease like AIDS, and global partnership for development^.

At the end of summit, many important agreements were agreed and amended by world leaders. These agreements include the following:

• Protect people suffering gross human rights violations
• Promote and protect human rights around the world
• Prevent violence all around the world
• Peace agreements conclusion

• IRA army council wanted to win its freedom campaign with democratic and peace paths.
• Pressure from Britain and other countries.

On 28 July 2005, IRA army council announced to end its armed campaign following announcement:

• IRA members will dump their weapon.
• IRA will never engage in “any other activities” except “the development of political and democratic programs”.

Furthermore, to seize its arms beyond use and to enhance public confidence, the IRA organization authorized its representatives to engage immediately with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD).

Hence, on 25 September 2005, the disarmament process of the IRA completed. Under the IICD Chairman John de Chastelain, all arms had been “put beyond use”. Thus it was a significant and vital step towards the path of peace.

New sports cars provide many high performance specifications to consumers. For example, the exclusive release of limited-production Ford GT super car. In the passenger-car segment, Chrysler kept its new rear-wheel release. It was the 300 Sedan, which includes Hemi-powered 300C technology. A redesigned M45 from Infiniti was also debuted in the spring of 2005.

Apart from these various super models many other designed cars were also launched. These were smaller crop of SUVs, add vans, new versions of Toyota Highlander hybrid vehicle and Tuner. Thus, overall 2005 model cars showcased various innovative shades in automotive industry.

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Time-to-market policy is a critical issue in manufacturing industry. As per this policy competitor manufacturer has to launch his product as soon as possible. It all because if the same design is launched by other manufacturer before them in market, then the value of this innovation will get lost. A few days delay could result in a loss of millions of dollars loss. So, to reduce automotive development time and to achieve desired goals, manufactures are using engineering simulation technologies. Simulation technologies includes following major steps:

1. Integrated simulation
2. Refining ride
3. Racecar design
4. CFD for design improvement
5. Advanced aerodynamics
6. Engine development

Manufacturers, to win the race of competitiveness in the automotive market did make all these developments. This race to market yields many profits to customers like lower engineering costs, reduced prototypes tooling costs, and best product from core teams.

Hybrid cars were introduced since 1902 and they had a tremendous effect on automotive field. In the year of 2005, many major changes were implemented in hybrid car industry. With this development, about 200,000 hybrids cars of different models were launched and sold in the year of 2005. There has been an estimation to sell 3 million cars year within a decade.

Toyota and Honda were the leading manufactures in this global hybrid market. The Toyota Prius was the super seller brand over all other hybrid car models. About 107,897 units were sold in the year 2005. It represented 52 percent sale of the total hybrid car market. The next most popular hybrid was the Honda Civic Hybrid, of which over 25,000 vehicles were sold.

This fast sales growth in hybrid car market clearly shows that a new trend towards the hybrid car adoption is emerging.

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